Leif sat by Erik’s bed. The two weeks of sickness had withered his son from a strong, muscular man to little more than a fleshy skeleton; his skin was flushed and hot, and his breathing difficult. Leif had seen many men die before, in battle and in sickness, and he knew Erik had held out longer than most.

At first he had prayed daily to the White Christ: every morning and every night for days and days, long past when his faith began to fail him. Now he still prayed to Christ, but also to Odin, and Heonir, and Heimdall, and Freyr, and Thor, and the waters, and the heavens… Anyone or anything that would hear him. — Mere America

A History of Reversed America: 1000-1600

December 28th, 2011 § 0

>One of the trickiest things I’ve found about writing about an alternate-geography-history is that the names of places keep getting confused. To alleviate this problem, in the below, all the real-world place names are in italics.

In 1000 AD, Lief Erikson sailed west from Greenland and discovered Alaska. He called it Vinland. A few colonies were established among the Aleutian Islands, and some exploration was made down the coast, perhaps as far south as Seattle; but as in normal history, the colonies were too far away and the weather was too forbidding for the Norse to stay long.

In 1492, Christopher Columbus arrived on the coast of Mexico, and claimed it for Spain. Columbus died in 1506, having made four voyages in all to the “new world”, but of course exploration continued. Spain established colonies along the eastern and southern coast of Mexico. In 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon went slave-hunting and discovered Baja California on Easter Sunday, calling it “Florida” after the holiday, which in Spanish is “Pascua Florida”.

Another explorer, Vasco Nunez de Balboa, was in Panama in 1513. He wandered inland in search of gold, not knowing that Panama was a narrow isthmus running east and west. The Atlantic lay to Panama’s south, and when Balboa crossed the isthmus, he found himself looking at what looked like another ocean — the Pacific — in the north. He therefore called it Mar del Norte, the “North Sea”, and that is the name that stuck. In 1519, Hernando Cortes explored the Mexican interior, and conquered the Aztecs, just as he did in real history. By the late 1520′s, other explorers began wandering the Caribbean, discovering Cuba, Jamaica, and the northern coast of the Gulf.

In 1539, Hernando de Soto led a party deep into North America, following the Colorado River from its mouth in the Bay of Mexico (as they called the Baja Bay) up into the mountains. They discovered the Mississippi as well. Later, Coronado explored the southwestern part of North America, making contact with the Cherokee for the first time.

Meanwhile, South America was also subjected to European invasion. In 1531, Pizarro destroyed the Incan civilization, right on schedule. The Line of Demarcation between Portugal and Spain was not established, since no part of the Americas was sufficiently close to Europe; so Brazil became wholly Spanish. The thin strip of arable land on the east side of the Andes became heavily populated.

In 1524 Giovanni da Verrazano, sailing for France, reached the San Francisco bay. He headed north, and discovered the Oregon River and Olympic Bay. He turned back around Juneau, Alaska, being unable to find a passage through the continent.

In the 1570′s, Sir Francis Drake of England sailed completely around North and South America. He sailed as far north as North Carolina before continuing on to Asia. The English also explored Alaska and the coast of Canada thoroughly, but were unable to go very far around the northern coast and so find the northwest passage they were looking for. Spanish influence at this time extended as far north as San Diego, which they called St. Augustine.

Meanwhile, across the continent, Hiawatha was establishing the People of the Long House in upper New York State.

In the 1580′s, Sir Walter Raleigh landed ships in San Francisco Bay calling it James Bay and naming that land “Virginia”. Virginia Dare, born in 1587, was the first English baby in the New World. Raleigh brought back potatoes and, instead of tobacco, gold.

The Headaches of Jean-Baptiste

January 25th, 2011 § 0

>Catoctin Mountain
May, 1831

Jean-Baptiste cleared his throat. “Thank you all for coming and meeting today,” he said. He bowed to Red Sky and her advisors, sitting on the furs to his left, and then to Lone Fox and his advisors, sitting to his right. They nodded in return. The morning sunlight filtered through the walls of Jean-Baptiste’s tent and illuminated the swirls of smoke from their pipes. “All of us — Haudenosaunee, Cherokee, and French — have had our differences in the past. But now we have come together…”

Jean-Baptiste was barely listening to his own words: they were just diplomatic filler, the sort of thing he’d learned to spout out easily over the past decade. As his mouth worked, he watched the faces of the Indians carefully, looking for any sign of agreement or disagreement as he lay out the danger that the people of the Great Sun posed, and gave the French proposal again: favorable trade agreements and French approval of treaties, in exchange for French assistance and protection. For good measure, he tried the gambit he’d used with Lone Fox, talking about the French as a family, with the Emperor as Father, and the hope that all the tribes and the French together might be brothers one day. It sounded good to him, but the Indians were utterly stone-faced. At last Jean-Baptiste ran out of words, and sat down, spent.

Red Sky rose, and spoke. “Thank you, Jean-Baptiste. You have spoken of these things before now, but it is good to hear them again. We of the Haudenosaunee cannot agree to what you say, today. There are several reasons for this. First, I, Red Sky, do not have the authority to bind all the tribes of the Haudenosaunee to a treaty with the French. I am just an ambassador. Still, if I think the treaty would be good, I will take it back to the great council and see if they agree.

“But more importantly, Jean-Baptiste,” said Red Sky, “I do not think this agreement would be good for the Haudenosaunee. You speak of the French family; you talk about the Father Emperor. But we of the Haudenosaunee are not French, and we do not wish to be French. Your ways are simply not our ways. You have your ways, and they are good for you; we have our ways, and they are good for us. And I think that it would be best if we kept our own fathers, and did not take the French father.”

She paused, and Jean-Baptiste rose to speak again, but she held up a hand to show she wasn’t finished.

“Still,” she said, “I agree that the Great Sun and his people are a grave danger to us — an urgent danger. Even today, as we speak now, some of our people have been captured by the Great Sun and are being tortured by them. The Great Sun rules over dozens of tribes all along the Great River. We Haudenosaunee are only six tribes; we cannot defeat them by ourselves.”

“So you must agree to our terms,” said Jean-Baptiste firmly.

“There is another way,” said Red Sky. “Wait and listen, friend, and I will tell you. Generations ago, the five original tribes of the Haudenosaunee were always fighting with one another. Always this tribe or that tribe was making war. But at last one man, called the Great Peacemaker, came and showed us a new way to live. Through his wisdom, we became the People of the Long House. You know that we live in long houses, with several families together in a single building. In the same way, our six tribes live together as separate families in one dwelling.

“And since that time, a number of tribes have asked to join us in the Long House. The Raccoon People joined us a generation ago, and became the Keepers of the Eastern Door. I suggest to you, Jean-Baptiste, and you, Lone Fox, that we should consider joining in an alliance like that of the Haudenosaunee: not one family, but separate families under one roof.”

Red Sky bowed and sat. Jean-Baptiste said, “May I speak?” When Lone Fox smiled and nodded, he said, “Red Sky, thank you for your honest words. I will speak frankly also. You talk about our three peoples coming together for mutual protection, like the Haudenosaunee do; but I do not think that will work — for two reasons. First, the Great Sun is already on your doorstep. You must, you must decide quickly; and when you decide, you must act. If you, Red Sky, sign this agreement with me, I can send a message back to France, and French troops will begin marching within a month. They will come and protect you, and you need fear nothing more. But if I send a message back saying, “no, they want a loose alliance,” then there will be argument and talking for months or years while we decide on exactly how it will work. By the time we have decided, the Great Sun’s horses and ships will wipe you all away and enslave your families. I am sorry to speak so bluntly, but I have to emphasize that the danger is very real.

“And the other reason,” he continued, “is that while we French wish to join with you, to protect you from your enemies, we do ask some things in return. If we have an alliance, but we do not have favorable trade, and we do not have a say in these affairs, then what do we gain? The Haudenosaunee are great warriors, but they cannot sail to Europe and defend France from, say, England. What would France gain from such an alliance?”

Red Sky was frowning and staring at the door of the tent. Jean-Baptiste could tell she had stopped listening, and was turning his words over.

Lone Fox cleared his throat. “I will speak now,” he said. “I had words with Jean-Baptiste earlier today, and many thoughts afterwards. And it comes to this: I am not a chief of all the Cherokee; there is not now, and never has been such a chief. But if I agree to either of these plans — if the Cherokee join the French family, or become the Keepers of the Southern Door of the Long House — then I, or someone like me, may become such a chief. Certainly such a chief will be called for. Perhaps, like the Haudenosaunee, the Cherokee can become a set of clans in one great house.

“But is this a good thing? For many, many generations, since the land was hung from the sky, the Cherokee have lived as we live now, and it has been good. We did not all need to live in one house, or choose one chief. If we do this now, because of pressure from outside, how can this be good?

“We speak here of families. We all like families; families are good. But a nation, a tribe, is not a family. A family lives together, they eat from the same bowl, they heat themselves by one fire, their bones and flesh are one. They will die to save each other; they love each other more than they love themselves. Can you tell me truly, Jean-Baptiste, that if the Cherokee join the French family, that the French Emperor would lay down his life to save me? For that is what a true father would do for his son.

“The Long House is better; Red Sky, your idea is tempting. But even with that I am very uneasy. If the Cherokee keep the southern door, who will come to our aid if we falter? Will we be called to help hold the eastern door if the Raccoon People fail? Who will decide? What if no decision can be reached? If a decision is reached, how will it be enforced? If a decision is wrong, who will take the blame? How will it be rectified?

“I know,” said Lone Fox, before Red Sky could answer, “I know that the Haudenosaunee have answers for these questions. But I do not know if they are good answers for the Cherokee. I do not know if the Cherokee and Haudenosaunee can live in the same long house. If there are two families in a house, they can share a meal, share a smoke, and the grandmothers and grandfathers can reach an understanding. But this would not work for us.”

“Then what?” demanded Jean-Baptiste. “For something must be done.”

Lone Fox nodded. “Yes,” he said. “I have been thinking.” He took a long draw on the pipe. “This morning I walked in the forest. I have not been so far north before, and it was good to see this forest, so different from the forests of the south, but also much the same. Here there are many different kinds of trees, many kinds that we don’t have further south. You do not have so many pine trees; but you have more birches and maples. Still, the forest is strong and healthy.

“A forest,” said Lone Fox, “is not a family, but it is strong. A healthy forest can stand against disease, fire, and floods. It is made of many different trees, many different animals and plants, and they do not gather in meeting, or make plans, or guard doors, or have ceremonies. Each animal and plant lives its own life, sometimes in cooperation, sometimes not; and together they are woven into a strong fabric.

“If we are to be strong,” said Lone Fox, “and yet still remain Cherokee, and Haudenosaunee, and French, as we should be, then we must be like a forest. Some of us, like the wild cat, will fight. Some of us, like the spiders, will creep and spy, and capture enemies. Some of us, like the fish, will be strong in the water; some, like the hawk, will be strong in the air…”

“This is just chaos,” said Jean-Baptiste. “A forest isn’t strong; it’s — it’s just a bunch of trees and animals. It’s just — it’s messy. I have no idea what you’re trying to say.”

Lone Fox didn’t look at him; he just looked at Red Sky. Red Sky stared back at him, and slowly nodded. And Jean-Baptiste knew that, somehow, he had lost.

The Father of the French

January 25th, 2011 § 0

>Catoctin Mountain
May, 1831

The morning sun was finally starting to burn off the fog when Jean-Baptiste and Felix arrived in Lone Fox’s tent. The chief — one of several important Cherokee chiefs who had come to the gathering — was sitting on matted reeds and repairing a spear. He was an older man, his hair streaked with white, his face creased with old scars. He nodded as the Frenchmen were shown in, and gestured for them to have a seat on the mats next to him. “Welcome,” he said in French.

“Thank you for meeting with us this morning,” said Jean-Baptiste.

Lone Fox smiled. “This is why we have all come, isn’t it? To meet. You are welcome.”

Jean-Baptiste decided to plunge right in. “When you arrived a few days ago, Lone Fox, we spoke briefly of why we had all gathered here. We spoke of the armies of the Great Sun, and how they were moving further and further west.”

Lone Fox nodded. “Yes.”

“There is more news this morning,” said Jean-Baptiste. “A Seneca warrior has arrived in the Haudenosaunee camp. He was recently captured by soldiers of the Great Sun two days hard ride from here, and subjected to torture. Red Sky spoke with us about it. I talked with her about what the French can offer — weapons, advice, even the protection of our army. I think — ” he glanced at Felix — “I think she is close to agreeing to our terms.”

Lone Fox looked at Jean-Baptiste from under his gray eyebrows. “I hear the words you are not saying,” he said. “To the east of the Cherokee is the Great Sun. To the north is an alliance of the French and the Haudenosaunee. It would be wise, Lone Fox, to join this alliance also.”

“The decision is yours, of course,” said Jean-Baptiste. “But I think you put the situation well.”

Lone Fox took his knife to the spear shaft, whittling the end into a new shape. As the pause stretched on, Jean-Baptiste strained against the desire to fill the silence with something, anything. Felix began to fidget.

“A strange thing happens when white men speak,” said Lone Fox at last. “You speak, and create chiefs.”

“What?” said Jean-Baptiste.

“I am not the chief of all the Cherokee,” said Lone Fox. “There never has been such a chief. I am chief of a village. Chiefs of other villages are my friends; many of them say they respect my judgement. And so I was sent, among others, to this conference with the French and the Haudenosaunee.”

“But they gave you the power to sign treaties, to enter into agreements,” said Jean-Baptiste. “Didn’t they?”

“Yes,” said Lone Fox. “And if I do so, suddenly the other chiefs will look with more respect on myself and the other Cherokee negotiators here. We few have become the mouthpiece of all the Cherokee. We have never had such a mouth before.”

Lone Fox fell silent again, whittling. Jean-Baptiste said, “This is good, isn’t it? Unity among the tribe?…”

“The French,” said Lone Fox, “have one mouth, one pair of hands, one pair of ears, and one mind. You have an Emperor.”

“Yes,” said Jean-Baptiste slowly. “In a way. What are you driving at?”

“The French Emperor desires to make a treaty with the Cherokee. But he cannot speak to all the Cherokee one at a time. So he asks the Cherokee to become one people, under one government, so that he can have one treaty.”

“I think that — that’s not how it is,” began Jean-Baptiste.

Lone Fox laughed. “Before the French and Spanish came, we Cherokee did not even know we were one tribe,” he said. “It was not so long ago; we remember.” He touched a necklace he was wearing, and Jean-Baptiste noticed for the first time that, unlike the rest of his jewelry, it was gold: a cross, wound round with writhing filaments, with what looked like a golden flower in the center. “We had our village; we often visited with other villages nearby, and many of them spoke our language. Some of us traveled far, to villages where they spoke strangely.” He shrugged. “And then the white men come, and ask, ‘Where is your chief?’”

He fell silent again.

Jean-Baptiste said, “But it is good to have chiefs over more than one village. Look. What happens if there is an argument between villages? What happens if there is a disagreement about trade? Or fishing or hunting rights? What if there is a famine in one village, who coerces the other villages to help?”

Lone Fox did not answer. Jean-Baptiste waited a while, then decided to press on.

“Look how strong the Haudenosaunee are, Lone Fox. They are not one tribe, but six, and more tribes want to join, for mutual protection and aid. Look how strong the people of the Great Sun are: hundreds of tribes all up and down the Great River, all united and ready to help each other. The same with us, with the French.”

Again, Jean-Baptiste paused, watching Lone Fox’s face for some hint of his thoughts. The old man continued whittling.

“Separate, the individual villages of the Cherokee are weak, Lone Fox. But together, they could be strong. Strong enough to defend themselves from the Great Sun, strong enough to be a valuable friend to the Haudenosaunee and the French. Strength brings security. Join together, and the Cherokee would be like one great family.”

Lone Fox paused a moment and looked at Jean-Baptiste, holding the white man’s gaze. Then he returned to his whittling.

“Lone Fox, I will speak from the heart,” said Jean-Baptiste, borrowing a phrase Red Sky had used that morning. “When I was young, there were many troubles in France. For hundreds of years, the French had been one great family, and the king was the father. But he was an unkind father; he betrayed his children. And so there was war, and revolution, and many people died, including my parents. I was six years old when I went to the orphanage, the house for children with no parents.”

“Did you have no grandparents?” asked Lone Fox. “No aunts or uncles? No friends?… Excuse me if these are rude questions.”

“No,” said Jean-Baptiste. “My parents had moved from the country, where their family lived, into the city, and had few friends there, I think. I know very little about it. But when the wars ended, the French were still a great family. Now we have our Emperor, and he is the father of the French. And because he is the father of all the French, he is my father, as well. France — France is my father, my mother, my sisters and brothers. Do you see?”

Lone Fox slowly nodded. He put down his spear and folded his hands.

“You have spoken from the heart,” he said. “So I will also. Jean-Baptiste, I was also an orphan. My parents were killed when the Spanish and French fought in the far south, in the Natchez territory. That was part of the Great Sun lands, and there was a great battle, in which my father fought. He was Cherokee, but he fought for the Great Sun; as you know, sometimes the Great Sun buys warriors. He was wounded and came home to his wife, and she nursed him, but he died. Soon after he died, my mother died as well. There is little left of them now, except my memory, and this.” Lone Fox pointed to the cross at his chest.

“I was wondering about that,” said Jean-Baptiste. “It is beautiful. Is it Cherokee make? It looks Spanish.”

“I think it is Spanish,” said Lone Fox, “but I’m not sure. My grandmother told me it had been in the family for generations. I lived with her and my grandfather for a short time before they died, and then went to live with cousins I barely knew, and from there to other distant relatives… It was not like living in a house of orphans, it was not bad. But a family, it was not.”

Lone Fox stopped and stared at his folded hands. Again Jean-Baptiste fought down the impulse to fill the silence.

“So I understand the need for family,” said Lone Fox at last. “But can a nation be a family? Can one man, one Emperor, truly be a father to a whole nation? How can he be a father if you never see him, never hear his voice? Never touch his hand? How can he be a father if you cannot cry on his shoulder?”

Jean-Baptiste said quietly, “I cannot explain it. But he is my father. He is.”

Lone Fox sighed. “I do not understand. Perhaps I cannot. I do see that you have a child’s loyalty to his father; but I do not see that the Emperor has a father’s loyalty to his child. Nevertheless” — Lone Fox clapped his hands — “I will think about it. Thank you, Jean-Baptiste, for speaking with me this morning.”

Jean-Baptiste stood up. For once he had no words to say.

“Perhaps,” said Lone Fox, “it is time for us together to meet with the Haudenosaunee, and see what wisdom will come from council.”

The Withered Hand

January 25th, 2011 § 0

>Great Sun City
September, 1805

The City of the Great Sun was the mightiest anywhere, as far as Tall Talon knew, and it slept little; but in the darkest hours of the night there were few boats out, and the streets were empty. Tall Talon walked among the wharves, listening to the river lap at the boats, watching the moon on the water. As he walked, he ran his fingers over his withered hand.

It should have been him. It should have been him to go with the white men.

Tall Talon knew he was not a perfect man. He’d known it all his life; how could he avoid it? But he believed he had been able to turn his deformity into a strength. It gave him insight into the pain in people’s hearts. It gave him more compassion, and made him more generous. He was, of course, the eldest son of the Great Sun, and as such he was almost a god on Earth; so compassion and generosity could only be carried so far. But compared to his younger brother! —

“Then let me go, father… I have been almost everywhere Tall Talon has been.” Such arrogance! Thinking he was almost as good as Tall Talon, just because he’d followed at his heels everywhere he went!

“This will be a dangerous journey, and none might return. And with your hand as it is… you are not always helpful. I cannot risk you in that way.” His father… He loved the Great Sun, how could he not? But this was so… wrong. Tall Talon could scarcely believe it.

Of course the Great Sun was a god on earth. But that did not mean he was infallible, or that he knew everything. There were other gods, other powers. Tall Talon ran his fingers over his withered hand again.

Tall Talon found his footsteps leading him to the Mound of the Moon, and climbing the ninety-one steps to its summit. From here the city lay before him — not golden, as it was in the afternoon, but gray and shadowed, the rivers glittering silver under the moonlight. In the middle of the plaza before the Hall of the Moon stood the great black slab used for sacrifices. Tall Talon lay his hand on the cold stone, traced his fingers along the grooves cut into it to receive the sacrificial blood. …And here was the holy knife used by the priests, its blade washed pure and clean.

The thought came to him at once — a thought that had never entered his mind before. He would have dismissed it out of hand as ridiculous — but… The thought had come to him as he stood here, at this hour, on this holy mound, under this moon. Where had the thought come from, if not from the Moon? And if it was from that great power, did he dare ignore it?

Tall Talon picked up the knife and watched the moonlight play on it, turning over the idea in his mind. Then he put the knife in his cloak and went back down the ninety-one steps.

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